Non-disclosure agreement
Discloser and the Recipient are each referred to as a “Party” and collectively as “Parties”.
RECITALS
(A) The Discloser and the Recipient are engaging in discussions about a possible agreement between them (the "Agreement"). In connection herewith each Party has disclosed or may further disclose its Confidential Information to the other Party. This NDA is intended to allow the Parties to continue to pursue the discussions while protection each Party's Confidential Information (including Confidential Information previously disclosed to the other party) against unauthorized use or disclosure.
WHEREBY IT IS AGREED as follows:
1. DEFINITIONS AND INTERPRETATION
1.1 The definitions and rules of interpretation in this clause shall apply in this NDA.
"Confidential Information" means all confidential, proprietary or non-public information (however recorded or preserved) that is disclosed or made available (in any form or by any method) by a Party to the other Party (or any of its Representatives) whether before or after the date of this NDA, in connection with the Agreement, including:
(a) the fact that discussions or negotiations are taking place concerning the Agreement and the content and status of such discus¬sions or negotiations;
(b) the existence of this NDA and its terms;
(c) all confidential or proprietary information relating to the business or affairs, financial or trading position, assets, intellectual property rights, customers, clients, suppliers, employees, plans, operations, processes, products, intentions or market opportunities of any of the Parties or any member of their Group, including but not limited to:
(i) Software in any form (which's use must always comply with the applicable software's user license and/or general terms as applicable)
(ii) Financial information, plans, costings, prices and accounts;
(iii) Trade secrets;
(iv) Confidential know-how;
(v) Marketing information and plans;
(vi) Processes, equipment and techniques used in the Business;
(vii) Designs for products and manufacturing;
(viii) Intellectual and industrial property; or
(d) any other information that may reasonably be considered as confidential, whether or not such information is designated as confidential or of a proprietary nature.
References to Confidential Information shall include any Copies;
"Copies" means copies or reproductions of Confidential Information in any form or medium including any document, electronic file, note, extract, analysis, study, plan, compilation or any other way of representing or recording and recalling information which contains, reflects or is derived or generated from Confidential Information (or any part of it);
"Group" means in relation to a company (or any of the Parties), that company, any subsidiary or any holding company from time to time of that company, and any subsidiary from time to time of a holding company of that company. Each company in a Group is a member of the Group;
"Permitted Purpose" means considering, evaluating, negotiating or advancing the Agreement;
"Permitted Recipient" means each and any of the following Persons:
(a) the Recipient’s Representatives that need to know or require access to the Confidential Information for the Permitted Purpose, or to provide advice in connection with the Agreement;
(b) any Person whom a Party agrees in writ¬ing may receive Confidential Information.
"Representatives" means in relation to a Party, the employees, officers, representatives and advisers of that Party or any member of its Group. On behalf of the Discloser, the Discloser's Representatives also includes other companies entailed in the Discloser's Group.
1.2 References to clauses are to the clauses of this NDA.
1.3 A Person includes a natural person, corporate or unincorporated body (whether or not having separate legal personality) and that person's successors and permitted assigns.
1.4 A reference to writing or written includes e-mail.
1.5 Any words following the terms including, include, in particular, for example or any similar expression shall be construed as illustrative and shall not limit the sense of the words, description, definition, phrase or term preceding those terms.
1.6 Any obligation on a Party not to do something includes an obligation not to allow that thing to be done.
2. CONFIDENTIALITY UNDERTAKINGS
2.1 The Parties undertake to each other that it shall:
2.1.1 keep the Confidential Information secret and confidential and shall take steps to preserve its confidentiality;
2.1.2 not disclose or make available any Confidential Information to any Person, except as permitted by this NDA; and
2.1.3 not use or exploit the Confidential Information in any way, except for the Permitted Purpose.
2.2 The Recipient further undertakes that it shall at all times comply with the Discloser's general terms and conditions in force at the relevant time, as such terms and conditions are amended from time to time.
2.3 Each Party undertake to each other that it shall only make such Copies as are strictly necessary for the Permitted Purpose and shall:
2.3.1 clearly mark all Copies as confidential;
2.3.2 ensure that all Copies can be separately identified from its own information; and
2.3.3 ensure that all Copies within its control are protected against theft or unauthorised access.
2.4 Upon request from either Party, the other Party shall promptly:
2.4.1 destroy or return to the requesting Party all documents and materials containing, reflecting, incorporating, or based on any Confidential Information;
2.4.2 erase all Confidential Information from the computer and communications systems and devices used by it, including any systems and data storage services provided by third parties (to the extent technically practicable); and
2.4.3 certify in writing to the requesting Party that it has complied with its obligations under this clause.
2.5 Each Party shall immediately notify each other if any Party becomes aware of any suspected or actual unauthorised use, copying or disclosure of the Confidential Information by any Person and comply with any reasonable and relevant direction of the exposed Party regarding any suspected or actual breach of this NDA.
2.5.1 Each Party undertake to each other that it will provide reasonable assistance to the exposed Party as requested by the exposed Party in order to prevent any suspected or actual unauthorised use, copying or disclosure of the Confidential Information.
2.6 The undertakings and obligations in this NDA do not apply to any Confidential Information:
2.6.1 that is, or becomes, generally available to the public other than as a direct or indirect result of the information being disclosed in breach of this NDA; or
2.6.2 if a Party can prove that the relevant information was available to the said Party on a non-confidential basis before it was disclosed by the other Party or its Representatives: or
2.6.3 the Parties agrees in writing is not Confidential Information or may be disclosed (subject to any limitations or other terms specified by in the specific agreement regarding the method or recipient or such disclosure).
3. PERMITTED USE AND FORCED DISCLOSURE
3.1 The Parties may disclose Confidential Information to a Permitted Recipient, pro-vided that it:
3.1.1 informs the Permitted Recipient of the confidential nature of such information before it is disclosed;
3.1.2 procures that the Permitted Recipient shall, in relation to any Confidential Information disclosed to it, comply with this NDA as if it were a Party to the agreement, and if the other Party so requests, procure that the Permitted Recipient enters into a confidentiality agreement with the other Party on terms equivalent to those contained in this NDA.
3.2 Each Party shall be liable for the actions or omissions of the said Party's Permitted Recipients in relation to any Confidential Information as if they were the actions or omissions of the Party itself.
3.3 Each Party may disclose Confidential Information to the extent it is required to be disclosed by law, or by any regulatory or governmental authority of competent jurisdiction, or by a court of competent jurisdiction provided that, to the extent it is legally permitted to do so, the disclosing Party gives the other Party as much notice of such disclosure as possible, and takes into account the requests of the other Party in relation to the content of the disclosure.
4. RESERVATION OF RIGHTS AND THE PARTIES’ ACKNOWLED-GEMENT
4.1 The Parties acknowledge and agree that:
4.1.1 neither the entry into this NDA nor the supply of Confidential Information shall constitute an offer or other commitment by either Party to enter into the Agreement, or any further agreement with the other Party;
4.1.2 the Confidential Information may not be accurate or complete and no warranty or representation (whether express or implied) is made by any Person concerning the Confidential Information or its accuracy or completeness; and
4.1.3 all rights in the Confidential Information are reserved and none of the Confidential Information shall be the property of the receiving Party.
5. MISCELLANEOUS
5.1 Injunctive Relief
5.1.1 The Parties each undertakes to each other that if a Party would be irreparably injured by a breach of this NDA committed by any of the Parties or any of its Representatives (including Permitted Recipients), and that monetary remedies would be inadequate to protect exposed Party against any actual or threatened breach of this NDA and, without prejudice to any other rights and remedies otherwise available to the exposed Party, the Party in breach agrees to the granting of an injunctive relief (in Danish: “umiddelbart fogedforbud”) in favour of the exposed Party without proof of actual damages and without any need to secure or post any bond (in Danish: “sikkerhedsstillelse”) in connection therewith.
5.2 Penalties
5.2.1 In case of a breach of the confidentiality obligation of this NDA, then without prejudice to any other rights and remedies otherwise available to the Discloser, the Party in breach shall pay to the exposed Party a penalty of DKK 50.000for each breach. For the avoidance of doubt, any payment of a penalty shall not be considered as bringing the breach to an end.
5.3 Indemnification
5.3.1 In addition to the above mentioned penalty, the Parties shall keep each other fully and effectively indemnified against any and all losses, expenses, and damages suffered by either Party arising from any unauthorised disclosure or use of any part of the Confidential Information furnished to each Parties' Representatives (including Permitted Recipients), including, but not limited to, reasonable attorney’s fees and costs.
5.4 Title
5.4.1 Each Party acknowledges that the Confidential Information is the sole and exclusive property of the disclosing Party and/or any member of its Group and that the receiving Party shall have no rights, title to or interest in the Confidential Information. Nothing in this NDA shall be deemed to grant the receiving Party a license under or to any of the disclosing Party's intellectual property rights.
6. DURATION
6.1 This NDA shall terminate number of years years from the date of this NDA. The Parties' obligations under this NDA shall not be affected by any termination of the negotiations or discussions between the Parties in relation to the Agreement.
7. ASSIGNMENT
7.1 Each Party confirms that it is acting on its own behalf and not as broker or agent, or otherwise for the benefit, of any other Person.
7.2 This NDA is personal to the Parties and cannot be assigned, transferred or dealt in any other manner with any or all of its rights and obligations under this NDA.
8. ENTIRE AGREEMENT
8.1 This NDA constitutes the entire agreement between the Parties on confidentiality and non-disclosure and supersedes and extinguishes all previous discussions, correspondence, negotiations, drafts, agreements, promises, assurances, warranties, representations and understandings between them, whether written or oral, relating to its subject matter.
8.2 Each Party acknowledges that in entering into this NDA it does not rely on, and shall have no remedies in respect of, any statement, representation, assurance or warranty (whether made innocently or negligently) that is not set out in this NDA. Each Party agrees that it shall have no claim for innocent or negligent misrepresentation based on any statement in this NDA.
9. SEVERABILITY
9.1 The provisions of this NDA are independent and severable from each other. If at any time any provision of this NDA is or becomes illegal or unenforceable in any respect under the law of any jurisdiction, this does not affect or impair:
9.1.1 the legality, validity, or enforceability in that jurisdiction of any other pro-vision of this NDA; nor
9.1.2 the legality, validity, or enforceability under the law of any other jurisdic-tion of that or any other provision of this NDA.
9.2 If one or more of the provisions of this NDA are held to be illegal or unenforceable, or in any other way contrary to the law of any jurisdiction, the Parties agree to use their best endeavours to negotiate a legally valid replacement to the offending provision(s). In case the Parties cannot agree on such negotiation, the offending provision(s) must be amended in such way as may be necessary in accordance with the law of Denmark.
10. AMENDMENTS AND WAIVERS
10.1 This NDA may be amended and the terms hereof may be waived only by written instrument signed by the Parties (or their authorised representatives).
10.2 No failure or delay by either Party to exercise any right or remedy provided under this NDA or by law shall constitute a waiver of that or any other right or remedy, nor shall it prevent or restrict the further exercise of that or any other right or remedy. No single or partial exercise of such right or remedy shall prevent or restrict the further exercise of that or any other right or remedy.
11. COSTS
11.1 Each Party shall pay its own costs and expenses incurred in connection with the Agreement, including the negotiation, preparation and execution of this NDA and the evaluation and review of Confidential Information.
12. GOVERNING LAW AND JURISDICTION
12.1 This NDA shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of Denmark.
12.2 Any and all disputes and claims arising out of or in connection with this NDA shall be finally settled by arbitration in accordance with the Rules of Procedure of the Danish Institute of Arbitration (Copenhagen Arbitration). The arbitration tribunal shall be composed of one arbitrator appointed by the Institute of Arbitration. The place of arbitration shall be Copenhagen and the language of the arbitration proceedings shall be English.
12.3 For the avoidance of doubt this Clause 12, shall not restrict either Party from seeking injunctive relief or any other remedy with a competent court.
The parties have executed this NDA on the date stated in the beginning of this NDA.
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Create & signA non-disclosure agreement is also known as a confidentiality agreement or an NDA. A party can use this form of contract to protect their confidential information from disclosure.
Click here to access our one-way non-disclosure agreement template.
When to use a non-disclosure agreement?
In principle, a non-disclosure agreement can protect any kind of information. However, typically, a party uses one to safeguard their business' inventions, patents, client lists, financial matters, and other secrets. All types of parties can negotiate a non-disclosure agreement. They are valuable tools for governing the relationship between two private individuals, an employee and an employer, two companies, or a company and an investor.
A non-disclosure agreement is always a good idea if a party gives others access to information that could harm their business if released to the public. It also makes sense if a party wants to avoid another party benefitting from the information it shares. For example, a party transferring its business may need to enter into a process of due diligence and a letter of intent. It would be prudent in this instance for the transferring party to insist on a non-disclosure agreement. So, if the deal falls over, the agreement will protect all confidential information and trade secrets that the business shares during the due diligence process.
A non-disclosure agreement is also an excellent measure for business partners who wish to formalize the trust between them.
A non-disclosure agreement only protects confidential information
It is important to note that a non-disclosure agreement only protects information that is not already public. Therefore, a party cannot enforce an agreement about information already in the public domain. However, it can still enforce the agreement about other information that has not already been publicly disclosed.
How does a non-disclosure agreement work?
A nondisclosure agreement should delineate the responsibilities and obligations of both parties concerning the confidential information. As a result, it will outline clearly what constitutes confidential information as well as the required behavior of the signee to keep that information secret. It also details how the confidential information is classified and assigned ownership to the discloser.
For example, employee contracts outline who owns the intellectual property if an employee creates it under a company's employment. Most importantly, they detail how long the NDA should last and what happens when the agreement ends.
Advantages of a NDA
The most significant advantage of an NDA is the ability to keep confidential information just that—confidential. Should that information be leaked somehow by a person who has signed an NDA promising to keep it confidential, they can face legal consequences. As a result, companies and entities can keep critical information secret to protect all assets under their control.
Patents and procedures, for example, can remain unique to the companies that own them. In doing so, companies can be confident in what information they disclose to their employees so that they can use that information efficiently and effectively. Suppose companies have to withhold information from their employees due to fear of information leakage, yet that information can help them do their jobs better. In that case, employees' capabilities are diminished, affecting a company's success.
Key elements to include in a non-disclosure agreement
There are no formal requirements for a non-disclosure agreement except that both parties must sign it. As such, there is great freedom in drafting an agreement. A well-drafted non-disclosure agreement will include the following elements:
Term or duration
An agreement should specify the term or duration of the contract. How long do the parties intend it to last? By being specific about the agreement's duration, a party keeps its information confidential for a sufficient period while ensuring it is not bound by the agreement forever.
Confidential information
An agreement should also define and describe the nature of the information it relates to. It is a good idea to be as precise as possible about this. The definition of confidential information should spell out not only the categories of the confidential information but also the formats in which the information can appear—for example, are emails, conversations, hand-written notes, and letters included?
An agreement should also spell out which information is excluded from confidential treatment, such as information already known to the receiving party or in the public domain. A well-drafted contract specific about what is and is not confidential will help avoid later disputes over interpretation.
Remedies for breach
In addition, a non-disclosure agreement should describe what happens if the parties do not comply with their obligations under the agreement. The consequences of non-compliance will typically be in the form of remedies or compensation. The parties often pre-agree to a fair remedy and include this in a non-disclosure agreement. This is because the costs of a breach can be hard to calculate or prove. The pre-agreed remedy can be an amount of money, for example. Or it could be an amount corresponding to the damage caused by the breach.
Dispute procedures
Finally, a non-disclosure agreement should describe the procedures governing a dispute. For example, a contract may stipulate that a court must resolve the disagreement. Or it may prohibit legal proceedings and stipulate settlement through arbitration. A non-disclosure agreement should always specify the jurisdiction where a dispute will be resolved.
Remember, a fundamental element of all contracts is that they are enforceable; otherwise, they are pointless. This means that every contract should provide for the consequences of a breach.
Mutual v. one-sided non-disclosure agreement
A non-disclosure agreement can be in two basic formats: a mutual agreement or a one-sided agreement. A one-sided agreement also called a unilateral NDA, contemplates that only one party will share confidential information with the other party. A mutual non-disclosure agreement is for when each party may share confidential information.
The nature of the relationship between the parties will determine the type of non-disclosure agreement. For instance, a mutual agreement is used if there is a collaborative relationship between the parties. And where the parties will have insight into each other's business affairs. However, if the parties share a simple customer-supplier relationship, for example, a one-sided non-disclosure agreement is more appropriate. Employer-employee relationships typically use a one-sided confidentiality agreement. However, the General Data Protection Regulation requires employers to protect employees' confidential personal data.
Confidentiality in employment contracts
Under a typical employment contract, employees agree to owe their employer a duty of loyalty and confidentiality. In keeping with this duty, employees must act in the best interests of their employer. This means not speaking negatively about the business or saying anything that might harm its reputation. Moreover, employees must refrain from competing with their employer or diverting business to competitors.
An employee also must protect their employer's confidential information. Employees must not improperly use or disclose their employer's confidential information and trade secrets. This duty will apply whether or not an employee has entered a separate confidentiality agreement. Furthermore, the duty extends beyond the period of employment; it also prohibits an employee from using a former employer's confidential information for the benefit of a subsequent employer. However, an employee will uphold the duty simply by using the experience, general industry knowledge, or skills they have obtained in their former employment.
Many businesses opt to use a confidentiality agreement and an employment contract. An employee confidentiality agreement specifies the precise information and know-how the employee may not publish. Some categories of jobs require a confidentiality agreement. For example, an employee with a large amount of sensitive personal data must enter into a confidentiality agreement.
Contractbook and non-disclosure agreements
Contractbook has two non-disclosure agreements within its vast library of contract templates ready to be used by those who need one. There is a one-way non-disclosure agreement template and a broader nondisclosure agreement above. Both can be used to protect confidential information from being disclosed that a party will want to keep away from outsiders.
Depending on your need or requirement, you can use either of these templates to create and sign a non-disclosure agreement quickly and know that the contract you make is legally sound. Contractbook only uses the best lawyers to create these templates, so you can be confident that using our non-disclosure agreement will protect you.
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